Governing complexity: How can the interplay of multilateral environmental agreements be harnessed for effective international market-based climate policy instruments?

Major new multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) have entered into force in 2016, including the Paris Agreement (PA) with nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for GHG reduction, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol with a phase-down schedule for HFC production and use as well as CORSIA, an offset mechanism for GHG emissions. Regarding climate change mitigation, these MEAs are implicitly and explicitly linked to each other. However, the interaction effects between them have not yet been studied. This article assesses how the MEA interplay impacts the scope and effectiveness of international market-based climate policy instruments defined in Article 6 of the PA regarding NDC achievement. The article is available here .