Mozambique has become one of Africa’s major frontlines in the global struggle to align energy investment with climate goals. Fuelling Carbon Lock-ins in Mozambique examines how export credit agencies (ECAs) have channelled unprecedented levels of public finance into fossil fuel megaprojects and how these investments are protected under international investment law —deepening the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and undermining prospects for a just energy transition. By mapping the financial, legal, and socio-environmental implications of ECA-backed projects, this case study highlights how public finance from the Global North continues to fuel high-carbon trajectories in vulnerable countries—contradicting states’ obligations under the Paris Agreement.