At the climate COPs, since the beginning.
We have worked inside the UNFCCC process since COP1 in Berlin, 1995. This page is the record: presidency support, delegations, side events and the analysis we publish around each summit.
COP31 · Antalya, Türkiye
November 2026The full COP31 programme (delegation, side events, briefings) goes live here about six weeks before the summit.
COP by COP.
Every COP from COP1 in Berlin in 1995 to COP30 in Belém, each with the outcome that defined it.
The headline outcome of each summit comes from UNFCCC's own record. Where an entry names a Perspectives role, that role is documented; where it does not, we make no claim.
Berlin, Germany · 1995
Where our UNFCCC story begins: our senior team has followed the negotiations since the very first COP.
Geneva, Switzerland · 1996
- Parties took note of the Geneva Ministerial Declaration and annexed it to the session report
Kyoto, Japan · 1997
- Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, the first greenhouse gas emission reduction treaty (decision 1/CP.3)
Buenos Aires, Argentina · 1998
- Adoption of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (decision 1/CP.4)
Bonn, Germany · 1999
- Work on implementing the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (decision 1/CP.5)
The Hague, Netherlands · 2000
- The session continued in Bonn in July 2001, where governments reached a broad political agreement on the operational rulebook for the Kyoto Protocol
Marrakech, Morocco · 2001
- The Marrakesh Accords, setting the stage for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol
New Delhi, India · 2002
- The Delhi Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change and Sustainable Development (decision 1/CP.8)
Milan, Italy · 2003
- Modalities and procedures for afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Clean Development Mechanism (decision 19/CP.9)
Buenos Aires, Argentina · 2004
- The Buenos Aires programme of work on adaptation and response measures (decision 1/CP.10)
Montreal, Canada · 2005
- First meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP1), held alongside the COP after the Protocol entered into force
Nairobi, Kenya · 2006
- The Nairobi Work Programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
Bali, Indonesia · 2007
- The Bali Road Map, including the Bali Action Plan (decision 1/CP.13)
Poznan, Poland · 2008
- Launch of the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol and of the Poznan Strategic Programme on Technology Transfer
Copenhagen, Denmark · 2009
- The Copenhagen Accord, with developed countries pledging up to USD 30 billion in fast-start finance for 2010 to 2012
Cancun, Mexico · 2010
Support to the COP16 Presidency
- The Cancun Agreements, establishing the Green Climate Fund, the Technology Mechanism and the Cancun Adaptation Framework
Durban, South Africa · 2011
- Launch of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, with a mandate for a universal agreement by 2015
Doha, Qatar · 2012
Support to the COP18 Presidency
- Advisory support to the COP18 Presidency
- Start of our documented COP-by-COP track record
Warsaw, Poland · 2013
- The Warsaw Outcomes, including a rulebook for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and a mechanism to address loss and damage
Lima, Peru · 2014
- The Lima Call for Climate Action (decision 1/CP.20)
Paris, France · 2015
On the ground for the adoption of the Paris Agreement
Marrakech, Morocco · 2016
- Launch of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action, and work on writing the Paris Agreement rulebook
Bonn, Germany · 2017
- The first COP presided over by a small island developing state, Fiji
- Launch of the Talanoa Dialogue on raising national climate ambition
Katowice, Poland · 2018
- Adoption of the Katowice Climate Package, the guidelines for implementing the Paris Agreement
Madrid, Spain · 2019
- The Chile Madrid Time for Action decisions, adopted under the Presidency of Chile with logistical support from Spain
Glasgow, United Kingdom · 2021
On the ground as the Article 6 rulebook was completed
Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt · 2022
On the ground as Parties agreed to establish the Loss and Damage Fund
Dubai, United Arab Emirates · 2023
Support to the COP28 Presidency; delegation on site
- Advisory support to the COP28 Presidency
- Post-COP webinar series digesting the outcomes, including loss and damage finance
Baku, Azerbaijan · 2024
Expert delegation on site, 11 to 22 November 2024
Expert delegation with UNFCCC and pavilion side events and speaker slots
- Side events and speaker slots across the UNFCCC and pavilion programmes
- Post-COP webinar on the climate finance and carbon market outcomes
Belém, Brazil · 2025
Delegation and side-event speaking roles, 10 to 21 November 2025
Delegation led by Chido Muzondo, with Axel Michaelowa, Sherri Ombuya and Stephan Hoch
- Speaking roles at side events on carbon removals, Article 6.4, ASEAN's transition and forestry co-benefits
- Post-COP webinar on the key outcomes across finance, adaptation and market mechanisms
- How carbon markets can accelerate carbon dioxide removals
- Harnessing rice field methane reduction under Article 6.4
- Strengthening ASEAN's low-carbon transition
- Climate co-benefits of action on plastic avoidance and forestry
COP29 · Baku, Azerbaijan
Our reporting around the COPs