International bulk purchasing as an NMA

Article 6.8 of the Paris Agreement recognises the importance of “non-market approaches” (NMAs) to assist Parties in implementing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The definition and scope of NMAs is very broad: they include all types of measures, instruments, and interventions that do not lead to a transfer of mitigation outcomes, and they cover mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer, and capacity building. NMAs are by far the least well defined of the three Article 6 approaches. There is therefore a need to explore their potential in concrete terms, and with concrete examples.