The mitigation of climate change to limit global warming to well below 2°C, as specified in the Paris Agreement, builds on two pillars. The first pillar — supported by most stakeholders, but facing implementation challenges — is rapid and deep reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burning of fossil fuels and destruction of forests and other types of biomass. The second pillar — contested by many but increasingly seen as crucial — is carbon dioxide removal (CDR), i.e. the practice of actively removing CO2 from the atmosphere and durably storing it1 . Both pillars complement each other in the quest to achieve greenhouse gas-neutrality, a balance of emissions and removals.