Export Credit Agencies
Paris alignment of export credit agencies and public export finance
Export credit agencies (ECAs) are either private companies operating on behalf of a country's government or public agencies themselves that provide support for the export of goods and services of national companies. They are the single largest group of internationally active public finance institutions supporting fossil fuel investments, and they remain an under-researched contributor to the lock-in of fossil fuel infrastructure. Reformed, they could play a decisive role in the global climate transition.
A common yardstick
A transparent methodology to assess and compare individual export credit agencies and their governments on Paris alignment.
Country-by-country evidence
OECD country case studies that show where export finance stands and document best practice.
Reform of the export finance system
Feed results into policy discussions at the OECD and on national ECA policies, towards full Paris alignment.
Goal & vision
Official export finance support to fossil fuels is not compatible with the letter or the spirit of the Paris Agreement, and it remains a major barrier to the global transition towards a clean energy system. Perspectives' research identifies the remaining gaps in the Paris alignment of export finance and puts policy recommendations to export credit agencies around the world, their respective governments and civil society. Those recommendations feed the reform processes now under way at national and international level.
Perspectives' Paris alignment methodology for ECAs
Following an initial study on external and internal climate change policies for export credit and insurance agencies, in 2021 Perspectives Climate Research developed the first dedicated Paris alignment methodology for ECAs. The methodology permits the assessment and comparison of individual ECAs and their respective governments across five weighted dimensions underpinned by a total of 72 benchmark criteria: Transparency (financial and non-financial disclosures, 20%); Mitigation I (ambition of fossil fuel exclusion or restriction policies, 40%); Mitigation II (climate impact of and emission reduction targets for all activities, 20%); Climate finance (positive contribution to the global climate transition, 10%); and Engagement (outreach and pro-activeness of the ECA and its governments, 10%).
- 03/2026 Bridging aid and trade: Exploring synergies between Swedish climate-related development and export finance Perspectives Climate Group
- 11/2025 How can export finance and investment treaties support climate investments? Insights from Angola Perspectives Climate Group
- 11/2025 Fuelling carbon lock-ins in Mozambique: The role of export finance and investment protection Perspectives Climate Group
- 09/2025 Overcoming carbon lock-in: Rethinking Export Finance and Investment Law in Africa's Energy Landscape Perspectives Climate Group
- 05/2025 Greening Chinese export finance: opportunities and ways forward Perspectives Climate Group
- 04/2025 Alignment of China's Energy Sector Export Finance with the Paris Climate Agreement Perspectives Climate Group
- 02/2025 How can Chinese Export Finance Institutions accelerate and lead in clean energy finance? (English) Perspectives Climate Group
- 02/2025 How can Chinese Export Finance Institutions accelerate and lead in clean energy finance? (Chinese) Perspectives Climate Group
- 01/2025 Quantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy Nature Communications
- 11/2024 Paris Alignment of Export Credit Agencies: Best Practice Guide Perspectives Climate Group
- 10/2024 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Denmark Perspectives Climate Group
- 08/2024 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Finland Nordic Council of Ministers
- 08/2024 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Sweden Nordic Council of Ministers
- 01/2024 How can SACE progress towards Alignment with the Paris Climate Agreement? Perspectives Climate Group
- 10/2023 Alignment of US EXIM with the US climate and development policy Perspectives Climate Group
- 05/2023 Paris Alignment of ECAs: South Korea (K-Sure and KEXIM) Perspectives Climate Group
- 03/2023 Paris Alignment of ECAs: France (Bpifrance Assurance Export) Perspectives Climate Group
- 01/2023 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Italy (SACE) Perspectives Climate Group
- 11/2022 Paris Alignment of ECAs: The United States (EXIM) Perspectives Climate Group
- 04/2022 Greening UK Export Finance Bright Blue
- 02/2022 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Canada (Export Development Canada) Perspectives Climate Group
- 10/2021 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Japan (NEXI and JBIC) Perspectives Climate Group
- 10/2021 Paris Alignment of ECAs: The Netherlands (Atradius DSB) Perspectives Climate Group
- 09/2021 Paris Alignment of ECAs: Germany (Euler Hermes) Perspectives Climate Group
- 09/2021 Aligning Export Credit Agencies with the Paris Agreement Perspectives Climate Group
- 03/2020 External and internal climate change policies for export credit and insurance agencies Perspectives Climate Group
- 01/2026Presentation at the Online Seminar Series of the ECPR Standing Group on Energy Politics, Policy, and Governance: 'Export finance and the energy transition: Lessons from the OECD and China on phasing-out fossil fuel support'
- 04/2025Webinar "China and its Export Credit Agencies: Friends or Foes of the Global Energy Transition?" (recording on request)
- 04/2025Presentation at the webinar "Policies and Innovative Financing Mechanisms for Enabling Central Asia's Clean Energy Transition" (Greenovation Hub, CAREC Institute, Green Investment Principles)
- 01/2025Public commentary for the study 'Climate protection and foreign trade promotion' (Klimaschutz und Aussenwirtschaftsfoerderung) by Environmental Action Germany (Deutsche Umwelthilfe)
- 11/2024Side-event on Export Finance at the Nordic Pavilion at COP29: "Paris Alignment of Export Credit Agencies: Lessons learned from the Nordics and other OECD countries"
- 12/2023Side-event on Export Finance at the Nordic Pavilion at COP28
- 11/2023Presentation at the OECD Export Credits Forum
- 10/2023Oxfam America Webinar "Is EXIM aligned with the US climate policy?"
- 03/2023Presentation at I4CE - Institute for Climate Economics (Paris)
- 02/2023Host of the second roundtable on OECD Arrangement Reform with CSOs and researchers
- 12/2022Roundtable at the U.S. EXIM Bank (Washington D.C.), discussing the US case study with Reta Jo Lewis, President and Chair of EXIM, and CSOs
- 11/2022Moderation of a panel at the OECD Export Credits Forum on reforming the Climate Change Sector Understanding (CCSU)
- 11/2022Presentations at COP27 side events at the IDFC Pavilion and the Italian Pavilion
- 09/2022Presentation at the International Conference on Fossil Fuel Supply and Climate Policy: "Aligning officially supported export finance with the Paris Agreement"
- 07/2022Host of first roundtable on OECD Arrangement Reform with Civil Society Organisations and researchers
- 05/2022Presentation at the 7th OECD Investment Treaty Conference: "Aligning Finance Flows with the Paris Agreement: overview and experiences from the export finance system"
- 11/2021Presentation at COP26 side event: "Aligning export finance with the Paris Agreement: high time to phase out fossil fuels"
- 07/2021Host of a public webinar: "Launch of the ECA Paris Alignment Methodology"
- 05/2021Presentation at the Climate Expo: "Aligning Export Credit Agencies with the Paris Agreement"
- 11/2025Export credit agencies: The quiet catalysts of the transition (inspiratia)
- 06/2025How Chinese export credit agencies can influence global climate finance (Urgewald e.V. China Infrastruktur Newsletter)
- 05/2025How the Nordic Countries are Leading in Paris Agreement Alignment (SEK, Sweden's ECA)
- 04/2025Tracing the export financing trail, from fossil fuels to renewable energy (European Commission, CORDIS)
- 03/2025China Briefing: Watch, read, listen - Finance Loopholes (Carbon Brief)
- 01/2025Export credit agencies driving global energy transition, but continue to invest in fossil fuels, bypassing developing nations (Global Trade Review, Sustainable Views, Argus Media, TXF News, Novethic, UNIL News)
- 11/2024Export credit alliance offers toolkit for ECAs to hit net zero (Global Trade Review)
- 11/2024International: ECA alignment (Carbon Pulse)
- 08/2024Swiss Export Credit Agency SERV finances long-term fossil fuel projects (SRF News)
- 08/2024Export Credit Agencies and Fossil Finance with Perspectives Climate Research (Shaken Not Burned Podcast)
- 02-03/2024The fossil-fuel-promoting agency that Biden seems powerless to stop (E&E News, Politico)
- 02/2024US trade agency backs oil and gas drilling in Bahrain despite Biden pledge (Climate Home News)
- 02/2024Two Climate Advisers Quit U.S. Export-Import Bank Over Fossil Fuel Plans (The New York Times)
- 10/2023US Exim urged to put "absolute limits" on fossil fuel projects: report (Global Trade Review)
- 10/2023Politics and promises: Are ECAs falling behind on climate finance? (Global Trade Review)
- 09/2023Campaigners urge US Exim to oppose gas project in Papua New Guinea (Global Trade Review)
- 05/2023Garanties a l'export: la France n'est pas encore alignee sur l'Accord de Paris (Novethic)
- 11/2022US Exim lags on climate despite Biden's pledges, report says (Global Trade Review)
- 04/2022UK should halt support for overseas gas projects (Business Green)
- 02/2022Canada's export credit agency needs to clean up its act on climate (Canada's National Observer)